Geography and Environmental Sciences

GEO Browsers

• Google Earth - 3D representation of Earth created by superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and GIS data onto a 3D globe, allowing users to see cities and landscapes from various angles. Users can enter addresses/coordinates or browse. 
• ArcGIS Explorer - Part of the Esri Geospatial Cloud, a mobile app for Android, iOS, and Windows that provides 24/7 access to digital maps, no internet access required.

Popular Commercial Software Platforms

• ArcGIS - Mapping and analytics platform.
• ERDAS IMAGINE - Geospatial data authoring system.
• TerrSet - Suite of tools for GIS analysis, image processing, and environmental science modeling.
• Manifold - Visual and spatial GIS combined with the data science DBMS tools.
• Mapbox - Precise location data and powerful development tools.

Open Source Software

• GRASS GIS - GIS software suite used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics and maps production, spatial modeling, and visualization.
• SPRING - State-of-the-art GIS and remote sensing image processing system with an object-oriented data model which provides for the integration of raster and vector data representations in a single environment; designed by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research.
• uDig - Complete Java solution for desktop GIS data access, editing, and viewing.
• SAGA - System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses.
• QGIS - Users can create, edit, visualize, analyze, and publish geospatial information on Windows, Mac, Linux, BSD, and mobile devices. Works on desktop, server, browser, and as developer libraries
• MapWindow - Project includes free and open source desktop GIS with extensible plugin architecture, GIS ActiveX control, and C# GIS programmer library called DotSpatial.
• MapServer - Platform for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping applications online.